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Steep declines in the Bathurst and Bluenose East Caribou Herds in Canada have highlighted the need for co-production of knowledge to understand a complex ecological-societal system. Our research group of non-Indigenous scientists has found success by applying our technical skills to address questions of greatest concern to Indigenous partners. These successes have not been without challenges, and we are learning to check our own biases, to better plan for the time and funding required for meaningful exchanges of knowledge, and to communicate early and often with our partners about how best to support their capacity to affect change in caribou co-management. We share some lessons learned and encourage fellow researchers to embrace co-production of knowledge to address the many complex issues facing deer conservation worldwide. 

Abstract Basic knowledge of species biology and ecology is essential for the assessment of species conservation status and planning for efficient conservation strategies; however, this information is not always readily available. Here we use movement behavior to understand the ecology and social biology of the poorly known southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus). We used VHF and GPS telemetry to monitor 26 individuals from two sites in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. We characterized armadillo activity patterns, evaluated the relationship between sex and body mass with home range size and mean daily distance traveled, and examined home and core range overlap. Three-banded armadillos were active on average for 5.5 ± 2.8 h/day, with most of their activity concentrated in the first half of the night. Adult males were heavier and had larger home ranges than adult females. Home range size scaled positively with body mass for males, but not for females. Core ranges for females overlapped little (< 1%) regardless of age, but home ranges for males overlapped both with other males (12%) and females (18%). Our data suggest that three-banded armadillos are mainly a nocturnal species. Home range and spacing patterns point to a generally asocial behavior and a polygynous or promiscuous mating system. We hope that the data generated as a result of this project will contribute to this species’ conservation in Brazil and elsewhere by guiding future management and research efforts.